VARIOUS DEFORMITIES
• Flexion,
adduction, internal rotation: Posterior dislocation of hip.
• Flexion,
abduction, external rotation: Anterior dislocation of hip.
• Gun stock
deformity, S-shaped deformity, Cubitus varus: Supracondylar (SC) fracture of
humerus.
• Dinner fork
deformity: Colle’s fracture.
• Simian hand
deformity (Ape thumb deformity): Median nerve injury.
• Policeman’s tip
hand deformity—ERB ‘S palsy— Proximal (C5-C6 roots) brachial plexus injury.
• Boutonniere
deformity (buttonhole deformity): Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) [flexion at
proximal mterphalangeal (PIP), hyperextention at distal interphalangeal (DIP)
joint].
• Swan neck
deformity: RA (hyperextention at PIP, flexion at DIP).
• Intrinsic plus
deformity: RA, VIP, cerebral palsy (CP) (flexion at metatarsophalangeal (MP)
joints extention at IP joints).
• Intrinsic minus
deformity: Leprosy (paralysis of intrinsic muscles).
• Thumb-in-palm
deformity: Polio, CP, and stroke.
• Trigger thumb:
Congenital constriction of flexorpollicis longus tendon sheath at MP joint.
• Madelung
deformity: Wrist deformity (distal and radial bowing of distal radius,
shortening of radius, subluxation of inferior radioulnar joint
Note: Distal
fragment is the reference point to suggest the type of displacement.
