Eosinophiluria | PGI May 2017 Preparations MCQ

Eosinophiluria is seen in :

A. PAN 
B. Microscopic polyangitis 
C. Interstitial nephritis 
D. Atherothrombotic emboli 
E. None

Ans. C. Interstitial nephritis , (D) Atherothrombotic emboli :
• Eosinophiluria (>5% of urine Leukocytes) is a common finding (- 90%) in antibiotic-
induced allergic nephritis however lymphocytes predominate in allergic interstitial
Nephritis induced by NSAIDS.
• Eosinophiluria is a feature of atheroembolic ARF,
• In PAN, Microspic polyangitis, eosinophilia is rare.

Complications of TBM | PGI May 2017 Preparations MCQ

Complications of TBM are :

A. Endarteritis 
B. Hydrocephalus 
C. Deafness 
D. Venoussinus infarct 
E. Mental Retardation

Ans. A. Endarteritis ;(B) Hydrocephalus :E. Mental Retardation

• Complications of TBM (T.B. meningitis)
— Mental Retardation.
— Seizure.
— Motor and cranial nerves palsies.
— Endarteritis (obliterative).
— Hydrocephalus
— Ventricular dilatation.
— Calcification
— Tuberculomas

Thalassemia occurs due to which mutations | PGI May 2017 Preparations MCQ

Thalassemia occurs due to which mutations 

A. Missense 
B. Splicing 
C. Transition 
D. Frame-shift 
E. Truncation

Ans. B) Splicing; D) Frame-shift

Important causes of thalassemia are

• β—thalasssemia : A wide variety of mutations in β—globin gene including deletion, nonsense and Frameshift mutation, and others affecting every aspects of its structure (e.g. splicing sites, promotor mutans)
•α-thalassemias . Mutations in α-globin gene mainly unequal crossing over and large DELETIONS and less commonly nonsense and Frame shift mutations.

• Mutations causing β-thalassernia can affect at any step in the pathway of globin geneexpression transcription, processing of m-RNA precursors, translation and post translational meta bolism of β—gIobin polypeptide chain

• The most common forms arise from mutations that derange SPLICING of mRNA precursor or permenantly terminate translation of mRNA.

Two specific tests to diagnose Wilson’s disease | PGI May 2017 Preparations MCQ

Two specific tests to diagnose Wilson’s disease are: 

A. KF ring 
B. Liver copper by dry weight of liver < 200 microgm/gm of dry weight 
C. Sr. Ceruloplasmin 
D. 24 hours urine copper after penicillamine 
E. Sr. copper

Ans. A. KF ring ; (C) Sr. Ceruloplasmin

The diagnosis of wilson’s disease is confirmed by demonstration of either
(i) Sr. Ceruloplasmin level <20 mg/dl and K.F. ring
(ii) Serum ceruloplasmin level <20 mg/dl and a concentration of copper in a liver biopsy sample >200 microgm/gm dry weight.
In the question, mentioned copper concentration 200 µgm/g dry wt. So, combined A, C will be the best choice.

True about naturally occurring amino acids | PGI May 2017 Preparations

True about naturally occurring amino acids: 

A. All are racemic mixtures 
B. Have specific genetic code 
C. 20 in number 
D. All are D-isomers 
E. All are L-isomers


Ans. B. Have specific genetic code ; 

• Of the over 300 naturally occurring amino acids., 20 constitute the monomer units of proteins.

• Both D-amino acids and non a anion acids occur in nature, but only L α — amino acids arepresent in proteins. D-amino acids that occur naturally inclued D-serine and D-aspartate in brain tissue, D-alanine and D-glutamate in cell walls of Gram +ve bacteria and D-amino acids in some non-mammalian peptides and certain antibiotics.
• The genetic code is universal, specific, non-overlapping and degenerate. This universal nature of genetic code has lead to incorporation of 20 amino acids during protein synthesis in cells.
• Racemic mixture has both D and L isomers in equal concentration, thereby optically neutral.

Naturally occurring amino acids | PGI May 2017 Preparations MCQ

True about naturally occurring amino acids: 

A. All are racemic mixtures 
B. Have specific genetic code 
C. 20 in number 
D. All are D-isomers 
E. All are L-isomers

Ans. B. Have specific genetic code ;
• Of the over 300 naturally occurring amino acids., 20 constitute the monomer units of proteins.

• Both D-amino acids and non a anion acids occur in nature, but only L α — amino acids arepresent in proteins. D-amino acids that occur naturally inclued D-serine and D-aspartate in brain tissue, D-alanine and D-glutamate in cell walls of Gram +ve bacteria and D-amino acids in some non-mammalian peptides and certain antibiotics.
• The genetic code is universal, specific, non-overlapping and degenerate. This universal nature of genetic code has lead to incorporation of 20 amino acids during protein synthesis in cells.
• Racemic mixture has both D and L isomers in equal concentration, thereby optically neutral.

Pituitary Gland | PGI May 2017 Preparations

Which of the following statements is true regarding the pituitary gland?

A. It is separated from the optic chiasma by the sells turcica 
B. It is situated deep in the sella. 
C. The spenoidal air cells lie inferior to it 
D. It develops from the base of the 31 ventricle form the pars anterior 
E. It is supplied by a branch of the internal carotid artery

Ans. B.  It is situated deep in the sella. ; (C) The spenoidal air cells lie inferior to it.
(E) It is supplied by a branch of the internal carotid artery.
• The pituitary gland lies in the sella turcica or pituitary Fossa also called hypophysis Fossa
• The fossa is roofed by the diaphragmatic sellae over which lies the optic chiasma.
• It is supplied by sup. and inf. hypophyseal arteries which are branches of Internal Carotid Artery.
•Sphenoidal air Sinus lies inferior to it.
• Development of ant. pituitary— From Rathke’s pouch, an evagination of roof of the pharynx.

•Development of post pituitary: Evagination of the floor of the third ventricle in the region of infundibulum

Use of timolol in the eye can cause | PGI May 2017 Preparations

Use of timolol in the eye can cause: 

A. AV block 
B. Bradycardia 
C. Hypertension 
D. Hypotension 
E. Asthma

Ans. A. AV block; (B) Bradycardia; (D) Hypotension; (E) Asthma :

On topical application of β-blocker on eye, there can occur significant systemic absorption, producing systemic adverse effects :

• Bronchospasm
• Accentuation of heart block
• Congestive heart failure especially in elderly
• Bradycardia
• Other adverse effects: depression, anxiety, confusion, drowsiness, loss of libido, skin rashes, diarrhoea, nausea.

Combination use of beta blockers and calcium channel blockers | PGI May 2017

Combination use of beta blockers and calcium channel blockers cause 

A. Heart block 
B. Hypertension 
C. Hypotension 
D. Bradycardia 
E. Tachyarrhythimias

Ans. A. Heart block ; (D) Bradycardia :
• When β-blockers given with verapamil or diltiazem, they produce:-
— Additive sinus depression, conduction defects or asystole may occur resulting in marked bradycardia, A-V block.
— Cardiac arrest may occur.
• Nifedipine causes tachycardia, increased contractility and cardiac output due to reflex sympathetic stimulation, propranolol has been safely used with Nifedipine
• Propranolol, initially causes little change in BP (due to blockade of β-mediated vasodilation but on continued use fall in BP due to chronically reduced CO.).
— Verapamil dilates arterioles and some α-blocking activity — BP is only moderately lowered.

Treatment of choice for typhoid fever | PGI May 2017 Preparations

Treatment of choice for typhoid fever is:-

A. Cephalexin 
B. Gentamicin 
C. Co-trimoxazole 
D. Tetracycline 
E. Ciprofloxacin

Ans. (E) Ciprofloxacin:
• Till recently chloramphenicol was drug of choice for typhoid fever. But due to emergence of resistant- strains of S. Typhi, it is no longer used now a days.
• Due to emergence of MDR S. typhi — either quinolones or third-generation cephalosporins (e.g. ceftriaxone) are currently recommended for empirical antibiotic treatment.
• First and 2nd generation cephalosporins and aminoglycosides are ineffective.
• Drugs for chronic carrier — amoxycillin, TMP-SMX, Ciprofloxacin or Norfloxacin — shown 50-80% effective.
• S. typhi is now resistant to chloramphenicol, ampicillin, trimethoprim, Streptomycin, Sulfonamides, tetracycline

True about Fat absorption | PGI May 2017 Preparations

True about fat absorption 

A. Fat in stool > 6 gm/day indicate malabsorption 
B. C-glycine test is most sensitive test 
C. Major fat absorption occurs in proximal intestine 
D. Steatorrhea means stool fat> 10 gm/day 
E. Steatorrhea is increased fat in stools >20gm/day

Ans. A. Fat in stool > 6 gm/day indicate malabsorption:

(C) Major fat absorption occurs in proximal intestine :

·      Normal fecal fat excretion is less than 6gm/day, more than 6 gm/24 hr indicates malabsorption.

• Fat absorption takes place in small intestine except short chain fatty acids which is absorbed in colon
• Sudan is best for screening but gold standard is quantitative estimation of fecal fat. OraL glycin glycolate test may show bile acid malabsorption, but not best for screening.
- Steatorrhea is defined as stool fatexeeeding 7g/day
- Daily fecal averages 15-25 g with small intestine disease, often exceeds 40 gm with pancreatic disease.

NIME - PGI Mock test series (May 2017)

India's Best Test Series for Cracking PGI Chandigarh. 

Its Best no by words but by the results its produces.

Click Here to Buy

Description

PGI Mock test series targeting May 2017 PGI Entrance Exam

• PGI Simulated Mock Tests
• PGI Marking and scoring pattern
• Full syllabus Mock tests
• Mock test printed and sent via courier / India post along with Explanations booklet to your doorstep

NIME - PTL (PG Test Legaue) 2017

Click To Buy ==> PG Test League : PTL 2017(With Courier Services)   

---

Series Starts on:	Jan. 22, 2017, midnight
Series Ends on:	Dec. 31, 2017, midnight
No. Exams:	30
Price:	Rs 4500.00
Child Product:	PG Test League : PTL 2017(Without Courier Services) ,

Description

PG Test League 2017 with Courier Facility

• Specialized Test series for preparation of AIPGMEE, DNB, AIIMS and other Medical PG Entrance Exams
• Consists 19 exhaustive Subject wise tests with topic wise division.
• Consists 11 Full Syllabus Mega Mock Tests
• Hard copies will be dispatched by courier / India Post for doorsteps delivery
• Hard copies consists Question booklets and detailed explanations with color atlas
• Specialized Question Bank
• Special High Yield booklet covering hot and recently asked topics
• Exclusive WEBINAR discussions where student can attend our lectures and interact with our faculty while sitting at his home.
• Exclusive Whatsapp groups for our students.
• Dynamic National Ranking System

AIIMS Test Series for MAY 2017 from NIME

AIIMS CTS (Crash Test Series) With Courier

To Buy Click: AIIMS Mock Test Series

---

Series Starts on:	Jan. 8, 2017, midnight
Series Ends on:	May 31, 2017, midnight
No. Exams:	18
Price:	Rs 3500.00
Child Product:	AIIMS CTS (Crash Test Series) Without Courier ,

Description

AIIMS Crash test series targeting May  2017 Entrance exam

• AIIMS Simulated mock tests
• AIIMS Marking and ranking pattern
• Colored images included in all tests
• Includes 13 subject wise tests and 5 Mega Mock Tests for AIIMS
• Dynamic National ranking
•  Mock test printed and sent via courier / India post along with Explanations booklet to your doorsteps

PGI Quest Delhi Batch 17 Feb to 24 Feb

Dear PGI Aspirant,

NIME Brings You Another round of Much awaited PGI Crash Course called "PGI Quest" in Delhi.

This crash course is conducted targeting PGI May 2017 Entrance Exam. 

If you are truly aiming for the exam then PGI Quest is the right place.

• This course consists of face to face classes by ex-PGI Mentors and Motivators, test series  and study material for PGI Entrance exam
• Covering of 7 Major Subjects of PGI Aspect
• Subjects to be covered in this course
• Biochem
• Pathology
• Microbiology
• Pharma
• PSM
• Surgery
• OBG

• Special Guidance by PGI mentors for cracking PGI
• With Highest success rate so far by any Institute in India
• Provision of the Required Study Material
• Providing of PGI 5 Mock Test Series (Valid Up till May)
• National Ranking for PGI Mocks
• Early Registrations Will Be given Complementary book of "Review of PGI Chandigarh"
• Dedicated Information System for Real Time Guidance
• Scroll Down for Latest Results


REGISTRATION LINK: PGI Quest Delhi Batch 17 Feb to 24 Feb
For Early Bird Discount Apply Coupon: ILOVENIME

• 
  

Carbon Dioxide Retention | Carck PGI May 2017

Carbon dioxide retention is seen in the following condition 

A. Carbon monoxide poisoning 
B. Lung failure 
C. Drowning 
D. Ventilatory failure 
E. Highaltitude

 Ans. B. Lung failure; (C) Drowning; (D) Ventilatory failure:

• Retention of CO2 in the body (hypercapnia) caused by hypoventilation or circulatory deficiency.
• In Lung failure due to parenchymal causes (e.g. Fibrosis, poor diffusion through the pulmonary membrane or through the tissues); serious hypercapnia usually doesn’t occur because CO2 diffuses 20 times as rapidly as 0₂. If hypercapnia begins to occur, this stimulates pulmonary ventilation which corrects the hypercapnia.
• Hypercarbia associated with apnea or hypoventilation is less often documented than hypoxia in drowning.
• In CO-poisoning, there is variable PCO2
• Hypercapnia is not concomitant when too little 02 in the air, too little Hb, or poisoning of oxidative enzymes
• In high altitude due to hypoxic stimulation —hyperventilation occurs resulting in fall of PaCO2
produces respiratory alkalosis.