Transitional cell carcinoma of bladder is associated with
A. SchistosomiasisB. Naphthylamine
C. Smoking
D. Tuberculosis of bladder
E. nephrocalcinosis
Answer (A) Schistosomiasis ; (B) Naphthylamine ; (C) Smoking
• Exposure to schistosoma haematobium causes both
squamous (70%) and transitional cell (30%) carcinoma. Other causes are
- aniline dyes exposure.
- chronic cyclophosphamide exposure
- smoking
- naphthylamine is also carcinogenic.
