Predisposing factors for Carcinoma Oesophagus | PGI based MCQs

Predisposing factors for carcinoma oesophagus: 

A. Tylosis
B. Plummer vinson syndrome 
C. Reflux esophagitis 
D. Lye stricture
E. lead intoxication

The Answer is. (A) Tylosis; (B) Plummer vinson syndrome (C) Reflux esophagitis ; (D) Lye stricture
Aetiological Factors associated with Oesophageal carcinoma:

Age – most patients over 60 yrs	Tobacco smoking and heavy alcohol use – synergestic effect [MCQ] Tobacco: esophageal adenocarcinoma
Heredity	Corrosive injury to the esophagus by swallowing strong alkalines (lye) or acids
Human papillomavirus	Dietary substances, such as nitrosamines
A medical history of other head and neck cancers increases the chance of developing a second cancer in the head and neck area, including esophageal cancer. Plummer–Vinson syndrome (anemia and esophageal webbing)	Tylosis and Howel–Evans syndrome (hereditary thickening of the skin of the palms and soles)
Radiation therapy for other conditions in the mediastinum	Coeliac disease predisposes towards squamous cell carcinoma
Thermal injury as a result of drinking hot beverages or eating hot food	Achalasia
H. pylori induces chronic gastritis, which is a risk factor for reflux, which in turn is a risk factor for esophageal adenocarcinoma.