Hepatocellular carcinoma | PGI MCQs for MD MS Preparations

True about hepatocellular carcinoma 

a. Hepatomegaly 
b. Raised alpha fetoproteins 
c. Raised alkaline phosphatase 
d. Jaundice 
e. USG is the best imaging method to detect the presence of a tumor capsule

ANS. A, B, C, D

The main risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma are;

·      Alcoholism

·      Hepatitis B

·      Hepatitis C (25% of causes globally)[3]

·      Aflatoxin

·      Cirrhosis of the liver

·      Hemochromatosis

Diagn: CT, MRI, biopsy (gold standard)

Pathology: Microscopically, there are four architectural and cytological types (patterns) of Hepatocellular carcinoma: Fibrolamellar, Pseudoglandular (adenoid), Pleomorphic (giant cell) and Clear cell

MRI is the best imaging method to detect the presence of a tumor capsule

Management plans:

·         Liver transplantation

·         Receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors

·         Surgical resection

·         Percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI)

·         Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is usually performed for unresectable tumors or as a temporary treatment while waiting for liver transplant

·         Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) uses high frequency radio-waves to destroy tumor by local heating.

·         Focused External Beam Radiation Stereotactic Radiotherapy (SRT) is a technique of using highly focussed radiation to small target volume

·         Selective internal radiation therapy can be used to destroy the tumor from within (thus minimizing exposure to healthy tissue).

·         Cryosurgery