The following statement(s) is/are true concerning carcinoma of the bile ducts.
A. Carcinoma of the bile ducts is more common than gallbladder carcinoma
B. Similar to gallbladder cancer, bile duct cancer is more commonin females
C. Unlike gallbladder cancer, there is no association of bile duct cancer and gallstones
D. Ulcerative colitis is associated with an increased incidence of bile duct cancer
E. Choledochal cysts may be associated with the development of bile duct cancer
A. Carcinoma of the bile ducts is more common than gallbladder carcinoma
B. Similar to gallbladder cancer, bile duct cancer is more commonin females
C. Unlike gallbladder cancer, there is no association of bile duct cancer and gallstones
D. Ulcerative colitis is associated with an increased incidence of bile duct cancer
E. Choledochal cysts may be associated with the development of bile duct cancer
Ans. B, D. Division of cholinergic vagal fibers
directly affects parietal cell acid secretion by reducing stinrulatory input.
Basal acid secretion is diminished by approximately 80% and maximal acid output
in response to pentagastrin stimulation is reduced by about 70%. Fasting
hypergastrinemia and an exaggerated gastrin response to meal ingestion is
observed due to loss of feedback inhibition of gastrin release and gastrin cell
hyperplasia. Release of pancreatic polypeptide, secretin and cholecystokinin
may be decreased.
Proximal gastric vagotomy accelerates gastric emptying of liquids due to a loss of receptive relaxation. In contrast, gastric emptying of solids is usually not affected by proximal gastric vagotomy.
Proximal gastric vagotomy accelerates gastric emptying of liquids due to a loss of receptive relaxation. In contrast, gastric emptying of solids is usually not affected by proximal gastric vagotomy.
