A patient with necrotizing pancreatitis undergoes CT guided aspiration, which results in growth of E-coli on culture. The most appropriate treatment is:
A. Culture appropriate antibiotic therapyB. ERCP with sphincterotomy
C. CT guided placement of drain(s)
D. Exploratory laparotomy
The
answer is D. Exploratory laparotomy
The presence of secondary
pancreatic infection suspected in patients whose systemic inflammatory response
(fever, WBC count or organ dysfunction) fails to resolve, CT-guided aspiration
of fluid from pancreatic bed for performance of Gram's stain & culture
analysis is of critical importance. A positive is Gram's stain or culture or
identification of gas within pancreas on CT-scan, mandate operative
intervention.
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Thiopentone does not cause:
A. Fall in intracranial tension
B. Decreases oxygen consumption of brain
C. Decreases metabolic rate of brain
D. Decreases stage 2 of sleep
The
ans. is .D.
Thiopentone
decreases oxygen consumption, metabolic rate and ICT. That is why it is agent
of choice for cerebral protection. On sleep it increases stage 2 and decreases
stage 3, 4 and REM.
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Which of the following sugars is absorbed from the small intestine by facilitated diffusion?
A. Glucose
B. Galactose
C. Fructose
D. Sucrose
The
answer is C.
Facilitated diffusion is the
major transport route for fructose. The duodenum and jejunum are the principal
sites of carbohydrate absorption in humans. Digestion of carbohydrates is
accomplished by amylase and brush border enzymes and results in a mixture of
glucose, fructose, and galactose. A common sodium-dependent secondary active
transporter absorbs glucose and galactose. Sucrose and lactose are
disaccharides that break down into glucose and fructose, and glucose and
galactose, respectively.
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