Surgical causes of hypercalcemia:
a. Hyperparathyroidismb. MEN
c. Hyperthyroidism
d. Sarcoidosis
e. Pheochromocytoma
Ans
(A) Hyperparathyroidism , (B) MEN , (C) Hyperthyroidism , (E)
Pheochromocytoma
• There are
three basic pathophysiologic mechanisms of hypercalcemia
- ↑Ca2
absorption form GIT e.g. milk alkali syndrome vit. D intoxication.
- ↑ed renal
excretion of Ca2 e.g. Renal failure
- ted bone
resorption e.g. tPTH, malignancy, hyperthyroidism etc.
• Surgical
causes of ↑Ca2
- Parathyroid
adenomas
-MEN
- Pheochromocytoma
- Malignancies
e g breast Lung kidney Ca,
-
Thyrotoxicosis
