All of the following mechanisms of action of oral contraceptive pill are TRUE EXCEPT
A. Inhibition of ovulation
B. Prevention of fertilization
C. Interference with implantation of fertilized ovum
D. interference with placental functioning
A. Inhibition of ovulation
B. Prevention of fertilization
C. Interference with implantation of fertilized ovum
D. interference with placental functioning
Ans. D. Interference with placental
functioning
Combined oral contraceptives COCs work
primarily by inhibiting ovulation.
Ovulation is inhibited by action on the
hypothalamo-pituitary-ovarian axis to reduce luteinizing hormone and
fofficle-stimulating hormone. In addition, COC has contraceptive effects on
cervical mucus and the endometrium
If used consistently and correctly the
COC provides effective contraception.
The Pearl index for COC i.e., the
number of failures per 100 woman-years of exposure is estimated at O.3—40
The failure rate with perfect use true
pill failure is 0.1% and with typical use User and method failure is up to 5%. During
the usual seven pill-free days, the endometrium sheds and most women will have
a withdrawal bleed.
Contraceptive protection is maintained during the pill-free interval as
long as pills before and after are taken consistently and correctly.
Category 1: Unrestricted
Use
Category 2: Benefits outweigh risks
High age, lactating, metabolic
syndrome, HIV, Gall bladder disease
Category 3:
Risk outweigh benefits: Lactating,
breast disease, CAD, smoker
